- 主詞 + 及物動詞 + 受詞
- He built a tree house.
他蓋了一座樹屋。
- He built a tree house.
- 主詞 + be動詞 + 及物動詞的現在分詞 + 受詞主動語態,表示某種動作正在進行。
- He was building a tree house. 他正在蓋一座樹屋。
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完全及物動詞的形態
完全及物動詞有以下的形態:
關係代名詞:使用that的情形
- 先行詞前有「最高級形容詞」時。
- He is the tallest boy that I have ever met.他是我見過最高的男孩。
- He is the tallest boy that I have ever met.
- 先行詞含有「序數」時。
- Tom was the first boy that arrived. 湯姆是第一個到達的男孩。
- Tom was the first boy that arrived.
- 先行詞是「人+動物」、「人+物」時。
- I wrote down the people and places that aroused my interest. 我將自己有興趣的人物跟地點寫了下來。
- I wrote down the people and places that aroused my interest.
- 先行詞前有all、the only、no、every、any、the same、the very時,多用that。
- He lent me all the money that he had. 他把他所有的錢都借給了我。
- He lent me all the money that he had.
- 疑問句開頭是who、which時。
- Who is the woman that is speaking? 那位正在講話的女士是誰?
- Who is the woman that is speaking?
從屬連接詞:引導名詞子句:that
- that 引導名詞子句作為主詞、主詞補語或同位語時,that不能省略
- That you did not come on time is a pity. 你昨天沒有準時前來真是可惜。
- That you did not come on time is a pity.
- that引導名詞子句作為受詞時,that常可省略。
- He told me (that) he fell in love. 他告訴我他戀愛了。
- He told me (that) he fell in love.
- that 引導名詞子句做為補語/同位語,that經常可以省略。
- It is sure (that) the earth moves around the sun. 地球繞著太陽公轉是不變的。
- It is sure (that) the earth moves around the sun.
選擇連接詞 or
- or 表示「…或…」的意思。
- Whick do you like better, coffee or tea ? 你比較喜歡喝咖啡還是茶?
- Either you or I am wrong. 不是你錯了,就是我錯了。
- Whick do you like better, coffee or tea ?
- or 「祈使句 + or」表示要不然。
- Hurry up, or you well be late. 快點,不然你就遲到了。
- Hurry up, or you well be late.
- or 表示「也就是說」、「換句話說」,引導至更合理的說法。
- He is majoring in geology, or the science of the earth's crust.他正在主修地質學,也就是研究地殼的科學。
- He is majoring in geology, or the science of the earth's crust.
- or 用於否定句,代表全部否定。
- I am not good at baseball or basketball. 我對棒球和籃球都不擅長。
- I am not good at baseball or basketball.
句子的種類
- 單句 (Simple Sentence) 單句=主詞+動詞由一個(主詞+動詞)組成的句子,不含任何的子句。
- He likes Chinese.他喜歡中文。
- He likes Chinese.
- 合句 Compound Sentence 合句 =(主詞+動詞)+ 對等連接詞 +(主詞+動詞)由對等連接詞連接兩個對等子句形成的句子。
- Wait a little, and the tea will cool off.等一會兒,茶便涼了。
- Wait a little, and the tea will cool off.
- 複句 Complex Sentence 複句= 主要子句 + 從屬子句由(主要子句+從屬連接詞+從屬子句)組合而成的句子。
- I don't know when she will come home. 我不知道她何時會回家。
- I don't know when she will come home.
- 複合句 Compound-Complex Sentences 複合句=對等子句+對等子句+從屬子句
- it is true that he is old,but he is still strong 他老了是事實,但仍然健壯。
- it is true that he is old,but he is still strong
主詞的類型
- 以「名詞」或「名詞片語」作為主詞。
- Time is money. 時間就是金錢。
- A friend of mine is a anxious person. 我的某個朋友是個容易焦慮的人。
- Time is money.
- 以「代名詞」或「代名詞片語」作為主詞。
- She is silent. 她沈默不語。
- Both of them were weakened by the war . 他們在那場戰爭中兩敗俱傷。
- She is silent.
- 以「動名詞」或「動名詞片語」當作主詞。
- Smoking is a bad habit.抽菸是一種壞習慣。
- Cleaning the house is a chore. 清理房子是件苦差事。
- Smoking is a bad habit.
- 以「不定詞」或「不定詞片語」作為「主詞」。
- To see is to believe.眼見為憑。
- To smoke is a bad habit.抽煙是一種壞習慣。
- To see is to believe.
- 以名詞化的「形容詞」作為主詞。
- The poor starve and the rich feast. 窮人挨餓,富人吃喝。
- The poor starve and the rich feast.
- 以名詞化的「分詞」作為主詞。
- The living are more important to us than the dead. 對我們來說,活著的人比死了的人更重要。
- The living are more important to us than the dead.
- 以「數量詞」或「數量詞片語」作為主詞。
- How many would you take? 你需要多少?One is enough.
一個就足夠了。
- How many would you take?
The + 形容詞
- The+形容詞=複數普通名詞(或集合名詞),表示某一類的人。
- The poor starve and the rich feast. 窮人挨餓,富人吃喝。
- The poor starve and the rich feast.
- the+形容詞=抽象名詞,後面要接單數形動詞。
- The beautiful attracts the beautiful. 美與美相互吸引。
- The beautiful attracts the beautiful.
- the+形容詞=事物的一部分。
- There is a table in the middle of the room . 房間的中央有一張桌子。
- There is a table in the middle of the room .
- 句中有兩個「the+形容詞」時,可以將the省略。
- The difference becomes bigger between rich and poor.
貧富間的差距變大了。
- The difference becomes bigger between rich and poor.
- 某些形容詞可以用數字取代the。
- There were about 100 dead in that earthquake. 那次地震中大約死了100人。
- There were about 100 dead in that earthquake.
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